Research definition by authors

    In this article titled 'Research Definition by Author', you will find definitions of research given by various authors, some of the notable ones are:

• Definitions of research according to John W. Best,
• what is research according to payton,
• what is research according to kothari,
• what is research according to crawford,
• clarke and clarke definition of research, 
• what is research according to creswell, 
• What is research according to Kerlinger etc. 

Research definition by authors

Definition of Research by Different Authors :

1. According to Wikipedia Research is "creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge".
2. According to Payton (1979), Research is a systematic, formal, rigorous and precise process employed to gain solutions to problems or to discover and interpret new facts and relationships.
3. According to Kothari (2004), defines that the research is an original contribution to the existing stock of knowledge making for its development. The systematic approach concerning generalisations and formulation of a theory is also research.
4. D. Slesinger and D. Stephenspn in the Encyclopedia of Social Sciences define research as "the manipulation of things, concepts or symbols for the purpose of generalizing to extend, correct or verify knowledge, whether that knowledge aids in construction of theory or in the practice of an art".
5. According to John W. Creswell, who said that "research is a process of steps used to collect and analyze information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue".
6. Francis G, Cornell defines research as, "the activity of collecting information in an orderly and systematic fashion".
7. clarke and clarke definition of research : Research is a careful, systematic and objective investigation conducted to obtain valid facts, draw conclusions and established principles regarding an identifiable problem in some field of knowledge.
8. According to P.M. Cook : “Research is an honest exhaustive, intelligent searching for facts and their meanings or implications with reference to a given problem. The product or findings of a given piece of research should be an authentic, verifiable and contribution to knowledge in the field studied.”
9. The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English spells out the meaning of ‘research’ as ‘a careful investigation or inquiry specifically through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge’.
10. According to William C. Emory, who defines “research is any organized inquiry designed and carried out to provide information for solving a problem.”
11. Redman and Mory, in a similar tone, define research as a ‘systematized effort to gain new knowledge’.
12. According to the Webster’s International Dictionary, ‘research’ is ‘a careful, critical inquiry or explanation in seeking facts or principles; diligent investigation in order to ascertain something’.
13. D Slesinger and M Stephenson perceived the term ‘research’ as ‘the manipulation of things, concepts or symbols for the purpose of generalizing to extend, correct or verify knowledge, whether that knowledge aids in construction of theory or in the practice of an art’.
14. According to George J. Mouly who defines research as, “The systematic and scholarly application of the scientific method interpreted in its broader sense, to the solution of social studiesal problems; conversely, any systematic study designed to promote the development of social studies as a science can be considered research.”
15. According to C.C. Crawford who says that “Research is simply a systematic and refined technique of thinking, employing specialised tools, instruments, and procedures in order to obtain a more adequate solution of a problem than would be possible under ordinary means. It starts with a problem, collects data or facts, analysis these critically and reaches decisions based on the actual evidence. It evolves original work instead of mere exercise of personal. It evolves from a genuine desire to know rather than a desire to prove something. It is quantitative, seeking to know not only what but how much, and measurement is therefore, a central feature of it.”
16. According to John W. Best, “Research is considered to be the more formal, systematic, intensive process of carrying on the scientific methods of analysis. It involves a more systematic structure of investigation, usually resulting in some sort of formal record of procedures and a report of results or conclusions.”
17. According to V. Redman and A.V.H. Mory : “Research is a systematized effort to gain new knowledge.” 
18. According to The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), "Any creative systematic activity undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this knowledge to devise new applications." 
19. According to James Harvey Robinson who defines  “Research is but diligent search which enjoys the high flavour or primitive hunting.”   
20. According to Encyclopaedia of Social Science : “Research is the manipulation of things concepts or symbols for the purpose of generalizing to extend, correct or verify knowledge, whether that knowledge aids in the practice of an art.” 
21. According to C. Francies Rummel :  “Research is an endeavour to discover, develop and verify knowledge. It is an intellectual process that has developed over hundreds of years, ever changing in purpose and form and always searching for truth.”
22. Robert Ross defines “Research is essentially an investigation, a recording and analysis of evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.”
23. Longman Dictionary of contemporary English : Research as a serious study of a subject that is intended to discover new facts or test ideas.
24. According to The Merriam Webster online Dictionary : A studious inquiry or examination, especially; investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or law in the light of new facts or practical application of such new or revised theories or law.
25. According to Waltz and Bansell (1981) :  Research is a systematic, formal, rigorous and precise process employed to gain solutions to problems or to discover and interpret new facts and relationships.

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References : 

• BEST, JOHN W. (1977), Research in Education, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hall Inc.
• DATTARYA, G. SAMANT (1966), The Making of Educational Research, Bombay, Popular Prakashan. 
• D Slesinger and M Stephenson, The Encyclopedia of Social Sciences, vol IX (MacMillan, 1930).
• Dr S.L. Gupta and Hitesh Gupta, Research Methodology, International Book House Pvt Ltd.
• Dr Vijay Upagude and Dr Arvind Shende, Research Methodology.
• GAGE, N. L. (1963), A Hand Book of Research in Teaching, New York, Rand McNally & Company. 
• HAYMAN, JOHN L. (1966), Research in Education, Ohio, Charles E. Merril Publishing Co.
  
• Kothari CR (2009 ), Research Methodology- Methods and Techniques, New Wiley Ltd.
• KOUL, LOKESH (1984), Methodology of Educational Research, New Delhi, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
• KERLINGER, FREDN N. (1964), Foundations of Behavioural Research, New York, Holt Rinehart and Winston Inc.,
• The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English (Oxford, 1952) 1069. 
• L V Redman and A V H Mory, The Romance of Research (1923) 10.
• MASON, E. J. and W. J. BRAMBLE (1978), Understanding and Conducting Research, New York, McGraw Hill Book Company. 
• O.R. Krishnaswami, Methodology of Research in Social Sciences.
• Ram Ahuja, “Research Methods”, (2001), Rawat Publications, New Delhi.
• Ranjit Kumar : Research Methodology, A step by step guide for beginners, Pearson Education, Sixth Edition 2009.
• https://www.howandwhat.net/research-definition-of-research/
• http://www.kenpro.org/research-design-and-methodology/
• https://link.springer.com/
• https://www.slideshare.net/jkkumarsrs/definitions-of-research